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<p><strong>适用场景</strong><br>1、网站数据：Mongo非常适合实时的插入，更新与查询，并具备网站实时数据存储所需的复制及高度伸缩性。<br>2、缓存：由于性能很高，Mongo也适合作为信息基础设施的缓存层。在系统重启之后，由M ongo搭建的持久化缓存层可以避免下层的数据源过载。<br>3、大尺寸，低价值的数据：使用传统的关系型数据库存储一些数据时可能会比较昂贵， 在此之前，很多时候程序员往往会选择传统的文件进行存储。<br>4、高伸缩性的场景：Mongo非常适合由数十或数百台服务器组成的数据库。Mongo的路线图中已经包含对Map Reduce弓摩的内置支持。<br>5、用于对象及 JSON数据的存储：Mongo的BSON数据格式非常适合文档化格式的存储 及查询。<br><strong>不适用场合</strong><br>1、高度事务性的系统：例如银行或会计系统。传统的关系型数据库目前还是更适用于需要大量原子性复杂事务的应用程序。<br>2、传统的商业智能应用：针对特定问题的BI数据库会对产生高度优化的查询方式。对于此类应用，数据仓库可能是更合适的选择。 </p>
<p>中文文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.mongoing.com/">https://docs.mongoing.com/</a></p>
<h2 id="2-入门"><a href="#2-入门" class="headerlink" title="2.入门"></a>2.入门</h2><p>​ spring-data-mongodb提供了MongoTemplate与MongoRepository两种方式访问mongodb，MongoRepository操作简单，MongoTemplate操作灵活，我们在项目中可以灵活适用这两种方式操作mongodb，MongoRepository的缺点是不够灵活，MongoTemplate正好可以弥补不足</p>
<h3 id="2-1引入依赖"><a href="#2-1引入依赖" class="headerlink" title="2.1引入依赖"></a>2.1引入依赖</h3><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-2-配置文件中添加MongoDB的配置"><a href="#2-2-配置文件中添加MongoDB的配置" class="headerlink" title="2.2 配置文件中添加MongoDB的配置"></a>2.2 配置文件中添加MongoDB的配置</h3><figure class="highlight properties"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">spring.data.mongodb.uri</span>=<span class="string">mongodb://localhost:27017/test</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-3-创建对应的实体类"><a href="#2-3-创建对应的实体类" class="headerlink" title="2.3 创建对应的实体类"></a>2.3 创建对应的实体类</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Data</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Document(&quot;User&quot;)</span> <span class="comment">//指定实体类对应的MongoDB集合的名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">User</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Id</span> <span class="comment">//自动生成的主键ID</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String id;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> Integer age;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String email;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String createDate;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-4-常用的方法"><a href="#2-4-常用的方法" class="headerlink" title="2.4 常用的方法"></a>2.4 常用的方法</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//常用方法</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class); <span class="comment">//查询User文档的全部数据</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.findById(&lt;id&gt;, User.class); <span class="comment">//查询User文档id为id的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.find(query, User.class); <span class="comment">//根据query内的查询条件查询</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, User.class);<span class="comment">// 修改</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.remove(query, User.class);<span class="comment">// 删除</span></span><br><span class="line">mongoTemplate.insert(User);<span class="comment">//新增</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Query对象</span><br><span class="line">1、创建一个query对象（用来封装所有条件对象)，再创建一个criteria对象（用来构建条件）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2、精准条件：criteria.and(“key”).is(“条件”)</span><br><span class="line"> 模糊条件：criteria.and(“key”).regex(“条件”)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">3、封装条件：query.addCriteria(criteria)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4、大于（创建新的criteria）：Criteria gt = Criteria.where(“key”).gt（“条件”）</span><br><span class="line"> 小于（创建新的criteria）：Criteria lt = Criteria.where(“key”).lt（“条件”）</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">5、Query.addCriteria(new Criteria().andOperator(gt,lt));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">6、一个query中只能有一个andOperator() 其参数也可以是Criteria数组</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">7、排序 ：query.with（new Sort(Sort.Direction.ASC, &quot;age&quot;). and(new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, &quot;date&quot;)))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">主要注解：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@Document，文档是 MongoDB 中最基本的数据单元，由键值对组成，类似于 JSON 格式，可以存储不同字段，字段的值可以包括其他文档，数组和文档数组。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@Id（主键）：用来将成员变量的值映射为文档的<span class="emphasis">_id的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">@Indexed（索引）： 索引是一种特殊的数据结构，存储在一个易于遍历读取的数据集合中，能够对数据库文档中的数据进行排序。索引能极大提高文档查询效率，如果没有设置索引，MongoDB 会遍历集合中的整个文档，选取符合查询条件的文档记录。这种查询效率是非常低的。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">@Field（字段）： 文档中的字段，类似于 MySql 中的列。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="emphasis">@Aggregation（聚合）： 聚合主要用于数据处理，例如统计平均值、求和等。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>示例代码</p>
<h4 id="2-4-1-使用MongoTemplate的方式访问MongoDB"><a href="#2-4-1-使用MongoTemplate的方式访问MongoDB" class="headerlink" title="2.4.1 使用MongoTemplate的方式访问MongoDB"></a>2.4.1 使用MongoTemplate的方式访问MongoDB</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootTest</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DemomogoApplicationTests</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;</s
<h4 id="2-4-2-使用MongoRepository的方式访问MongoDB"><a href="#2-4-2-使用MongoRepository的方式访问MongoDB" class="headerlink" title="2.4.2 使用MongoRepository的方式访问MongoDB"></a>2.4.2 使用MongoRepository的方式访问MongoDB</h4><h5 id="a-创建UserRepository类"><a href="#a-创建UserRepository类" class="headerlink" title="a.创建UserRepository类"></a>a.创建UserRepository类</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.atguigu.mongodb.repository;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> com.atguigu.mongodb.entity.User;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.List;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Repository</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title class_">UserRepository</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">MongoRepository</span>&lt;User, String&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="b-测试使用"><a href="#b-测试使用" class="headerlink" title="b.测试使用"></a>b.测试使用</h5><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootTest</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DemomogoApplicationTests1</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> UserRepository userRepository;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//添加</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">createUser</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">User</span> <span class="variable">user</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span>
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