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< p > Linux相关的书籍: < a href = "https://qingling.icu/posts/3661.html" > 技术书籍-Linux指令大全 | The Blog (qingling.icu)< / a > < / p >
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< h1 id = "一-初识Linux" > < a href = "#一-初识Linux" class = "headerlink" title = "一.初识Linux" > < / a > 一.初识Linux< / h1 > < p > ， ， < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230919214601245.png" alt = "image-20230919214601245" > < / p >
< p > 视频链接: < a target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" href = "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1n84y1i7td/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=aee5e475191b69e6c781059ab6662584" > https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1n84y1i7td/?share_source=copy_web& vd_source=aee5e475191b69e6c781059ab6662584< / a > < / p >
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< h1 id = "二-Linux的安装和配置教程" > < a href = "#二-Linux的安装和配置教程" class = "headerlink" title = "二.Linux的安装和配置教程" > < / a > 二.Linux的安装和配置教程< / h1 > < h2 id = "1-通过虚拟机安装Linux" > < a href = "#1-通过虚拟机安装Linux" class = "headerlink" title = "1.通过虚拟机安装Linux" > < / a > 1.通过虚拟机安装Linux< / h2 > < p > Linux安装教程: < a href = "https://qingling.icu/posts/47407.html" > VMWare虚拟机安装Linux教程 | The Blog (qingling.icu)< / a > < / p >
< p > Linux设置静态IP:< a href = "https://qingling.icu/posts/21883.html" > Linux设置静态IP | The Blog (qingling.icu)< / a > < / p >
< h2 id = "2-通过WSL获取Linux环境" > < a href = "#2-通过WSL获取Linux环境" class = "headerlink" title = "2.通过WSL获取Linux环境" > < / a > 2.通过WSL获取Linux环境< / h2 > < p > < strong > 安装教程:< / strong > < a href = "https://qingling.icu/posts/25154.html" > Windows10的Linux子系统WSL的安装和使用 | The Blog (qingling.icu)< / a > < / p >
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< h1 id = "三-Linux的目录结构" > < a href = "#三-Linux的目录结构" class = "headerlink" title = "三.Linux的目录结构" > < / a > 三.Linux的目录结构< / h1 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230919230906304.png" alt = "image-20230919230906304" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230919231127383.png" alt = "image-20230919231127383" > < / p >
< h1 id = "四-LInux基础命令" > < a href = "#四-LInux基础命令" class = "headerlink" title = "四.LInux基础命令" > < / a > 四.LInux基础命令< / h1 > < h2 id = "ls命令" > < a href = "#ls命令" class = "headerlink" title = "ls命令" > < / a > ls命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：列出文件夹信息< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > ls [-l -h -a] [参数]< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的文件夹，不提供参数，表示查看当前工作目录< / li >
< li > -l， < / li >
< li > -h， ， < / li >
< li > -a， < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "隐藏文件、文件夹" > < a href = "#隐藏文件、文件夹" class = "headerlink" title = "隐藏文件、文件夹" > < / a > 隐藏文件、文件夹< / h3 > < p > 在Linux中以 < code > .< / code > 开头的，均是隐藏的。< / p >
< p > 默认不显示出来，需要 < code > -a< / code > 选项才可查看到。< / p >
< h2 id = "pwd命令" > < a href = "#pwd命令" class = "headerlink" title = "pwd命令" > < / a > pwd命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：展示当前工作目录< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > pwd< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "cd命令" > < a href = "#cd命令" class = "headerlink" title = "cd命令" > < / a > cd命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：切换工作目录< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > cd [目标目录]< / code > < / p >
< p > 参数：目标目录，要切换去的地方，不提供默认切换到 < code > 当前登录用户HOME目录< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "HOME目录" > < a href = "#HOME目录" class = "headerlink" title = "HOME目录" > < / a > HOME目录< / h2 > < p > 每一个用户在Linux系统中都有自己的专属工作目录， < / p >
< ul >
< li > 普通用户的HOME目录， ： < code > /home/用户名< / code > < / li >
< li > root用户的HOME目录， ： < code > /root< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > FinalShell登陆终端后， < / p >
< h2 id = "相对路径、绝对路径" > < a href = "#相对路径、绝对路径" class = "headerlink" title = "相对路径、绝对路径" > < / a > 相对路径、绝对路径< / h2 > < ul >
< li > < p > 相对路径，= = 非= = < code > /< / code > 开头的称之为相对路径< / p >
< p > 相对路径表示以 < code > 当前目录< / code > 作为起点，去描述路径，如 < code > test/a.txt< / code > ， < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 绝对路径，= = 以= = < code > /< / code > 开头的称之为绝对路径< / p >
< p > 绝对路径从 < code > 根< / code > 开始描述路径< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "特殊路径符" > < a href = "#特殊路径符" class = "headerlink" title = "特殊路径符" > < / a > 特殊路径符< / h2 > < ul >
< li > < code > .< / code > ，表示当前，比如./ a.txt， < code > a.txt< / code > 文件< / li >
< li > < code > ..< / code > ，表示上级目录，比如 < code > ../< / code > 表示上级目录，< code > ../../< / code > 表示上级的上级目录< / li >
< li > < code > ~< / code > ， ， < code > cd ~< / code > ， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "mkdir命令" > < a href = "#mkdir命令" class = "headerlink" title = "mkdir命令" > < / a > mkdir命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：创建文件夹< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > mkdir [-p] 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被创建文件夹的路径< / li >
< li > 选项：-p， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "touch命令" > < a href = "#touch命令" class = "headerlink" title = "touch命令" > < / a > touch命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：创建文件< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > touch 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被创建的文件路径< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "cat命令" > < a href = "#cat命令" class = "headerlink" title = "cat命令" > < / a > cat命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看文件内容< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > cat 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的文件路径< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "more命令" > < a href = "#more命令" class = "headerlink" title = "more命令" > < / a > more命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看文件，可以支持翻页查看< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > more 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的文件路径< / li >
< li > 在查看过程中：< ul >
< li > < code > 空格< / code > 键翻页< / li >
< li > < code > q< / code > 退出查看< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "cp命令" > < a href = "#cp命令" class = "headerlink" title = "cp命令" > < / a > cp命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：复制文件、文件夹< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > cp [-r] 参数1 参数2< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数1， < / li >
< li > 参数2， < / li >
< li > 选项：-r， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 示例：< / p >
< ul >
< li > cp a.txt b.txt， < / li >
< li > cp a.txt test/ ， < / li >
< li > cp -r test test2， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "mv命令" > < a href = "#mv命令" class = "headerlink" title = "mv命令" > < / a > mv命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：移动文件、文件夹< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > mv 参数1 参数2< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数1： < / li >
< li > 参数2： ， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "rm命令" > < a href = "#rm命令" class = "headerlink" title = "rm命令" > < / a > rm命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：删除文件、文件夹< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > rm [-r -f] 参数...参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：支持多个，每一个表示被删除的，空格进行分隔< / li >
< li > 选项：-r， < / li >
< li > 选项：-f， ， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > rm命令很危险， ， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230920231224351.png" alt = "image-20230920231224351" > < / p >
< h2 id = "which命令" > < a href = "#which命令" class = "headerlink" title = "which命令" > < / a > which命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看命令的程序本体文件路径< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > which 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的命令< / li >
< / ul >
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< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > jason@DESKTOP-PC4GEUR:~$ which pwd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /usr/bin/pwd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > jason@DESKTOP-PC4GEUR:~$ which touch< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /usr/bin/touch< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< h2 id = "find命令" > < a href = "#find命令" class = "headerlink" title = "find命令" > < / a > find命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：搜索文件< / p >
< p > 语法1按文件名搜索： < code > find 路径 -name 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 路径，搜索的起始路径< / li >
< li > 参数，搜索的关键字，支持通配符*， < code > *< / code > test表示搜索任意以test结尾的文件< / li >
< / ul >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230923175004853.png" alt = "image-20230923175004853" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "grep命令" > < a href = "#grep命令" class = "headerlink" title = "grep命令" > < / a > grep命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：过滤关键字< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > grep [-n] 关键字 文件路径< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 选项-n， ， < / li >
< li > 参数，关键字，必填，表示过滤的关键字，带有空格或其它特殊符号，建议使用””将关键字包围起来< / li >
< li > 参数，文件路径，必填，表示要过滤内容的文件路径，可作为内容输入端口< / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > 参数文件路径，可以作为管道符的输入< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "wc命令" > < a href = "#wc命令" class = "headerlink" title = "wc命令" > < / a > wc命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：统计< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > wc [-c -m -l -w] 文件路径< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 选项，-c， < / li >
< li > 选项，-m， < / li >
< li > 选项，-l， < / li >
< li > 选项，-w， < / li >
< li > 参数，文件路径，被统计的文件，可作为内容输入端口< / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > 参数文件路径，可作为管道符的输入< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "管道符" > < a href = "#管道符" class = "headerlink" title = "管道符|" > < / a > 管道符|< / h2 > < p > 写法：< code > |< / code > < / p >
< p > 功能：将符号左边的结果，作为符号右边的输入< / p >
< p > 示例：< / p >
< p > < code > cat a.txt | grep itheima< / code > ， ， ， < code > itheima< / code > 关键字< / p >
< p > 可以支持嵌套：< / p >
< p > < code > cat a.txt | grep itheima | grep itcast< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "echo命令" > < a href = "#echo命令" class = "headerlink" title = "echo命令" > < / a > echo命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：输出内容< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > echo 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被输出的内容< / li >
< / ul >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230923181041583.png" alt = "image-20230923181041583" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "反引号" > < a href = "#反引号" class = "headerlink" title = "`反引号" > < / a > ` 反引号< / h2 > < p > 功能：被两个反引号包围的内容，会作为命令执行< / p >
< p > 示例：< / p >
< ul >
< li > echo `pwd`，会输出当前工作目录< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "tail命令" > < a href = "#tail命令" class = "headerlink" title = "tail命令" > < / a > tail命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看文件尾部内容< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > tail [-f] 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的文件< / li >
< li > 选项：-f， < / li >
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< li > 选项, -num， ， ， < / li >
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< / ul >
< h2 id = "head命令" > < a href = "#head命令" class = "headerlink" title = "head命令" > < / a > head命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看文件头部内容< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > head [-n] 参数< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数：被查看的文件< / li >
< li > 选项：-n， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "重定向符" > < a href = "#重定向符" class = "headerlink" title = "重定向符" > < / a > 重定向符< / h2 > < p > 功能：将符号左边的结果，输出到右边指定的文件中去< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > > < / code > ，表示覆盖输出< / li >
< li > < code > > > < / code > ，表示追加输出< / li >
< / ul >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230923181307011.png" alt = "image-20230923181307011" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "vi编辑器" > < a href = "#vi编辑器" class = "headerlink" title = "vi编辑器" > < / a > vi编辑器< / h2 > < h3 id = "命令模式快捷键" > < a href = "#命令模式快捷键" class = "headerlink" title = "命令模式快捷键" > < / a > 命令模式快捷键< / h3 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027215841.png" alt = "image-20221027215841573" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027215846.png" alt = "image-20221027215846581" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027215849.png" alt = "image-20221027215849668" > < / p >
< h3 id = "底线命令快捷键" > < a href = "#底线命令快捷键" class = "headerlink" title = "底线命令快捷键" > < / a > 底线命令快捷键< / h3 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027215858.png" alt = "image-20221027215858967" > < / p >
< h2 id = "命令的选项" > < a href = "#命令的选项" class = "headerlink" title = "命令的选项" > < / a > 命令的选项< / h2 > < p > 我们学习的一系列Linux命令， < / p >
< p > 比如， ： ， < / p >
< p > 课程中， 并不会将全部的选项都进行讲解， ， < / p >
< p > 课程中，会对常见的选项进行讲解， 足够满足绝大多数的学习、工作场景。< / p >
< h3 id = "查看命令的帮助" > < a href = "#查看命令的帮助" class = "headerlink" title = "查看命令的帮助" > < / a > 查看命令的帮助< / h3 > < p > 可以通过：< code > 命令 --help< / code > 查看命令的帮助手册< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220005.png" alt = "image-20221027220005610" > < / p >
< h3 id = "查看命令的详细手册" > < a href = "#查看命令的详细手册" class = "headerlink" title = "查看命令的详细手册" > < / a > 查看命令的详细手册< / h3 > < p > 可以通过：< code > man 命令< / code > 查看某命令的详细手册< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220010.png" alt = "image-20221027220009949" > < / p >
< h1 id = "五-Linux常用操作" > < a href = "#五-Linux常用操作" class = "headerlink" title = "五.Linux常用操作" > < / a > 五.Linux常用操作< / h1 > < h2 id = "软件安装" > < a href = "#软件安装" class = "headerlink" title = "软件安装" > < / a > 软件安装< / h2 > < ul >
< li > CentOS系统使用： < ul >
< li > yum [install remove search] [-y] 软件名称< ul >
< li > install 安装< / li >
< li > remove 卸载< / li >
< li > search 搜索< / li >
< li > -y， < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Ubuntu系统使用< ul >
< li > apt [install remove search] [-y] 软件名称< ul >
< li > install 安装< / li >
< li > remove 卸载< / li >
< li > search 搜索< / li >
< li > -y， < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > yum 和 apt 均需要root权限< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "systemctl" > < a href = "#systemctl" class = "headerlink" title = "systemctl" > < / a > systemctl< / h2 > < p > 功能：控制系统服务的启动关闭等< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > systemctl start | stop | restart | disable | enable | status 服务名< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > start， < / li >
< li > stop， < / li >
< li > status， < / li >
< li > disable， < / li >
< li > enable， < / li >
< li > restart， < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "软链接" > < a href = "#软链接" class = "headerlink" title = "软链接" > < / a > 软链接< / h2 > < p > 功能：创建文件、文件夹软链接（快捷方式）< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > ln -s 参数1 参数2< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 参数1： < / li >
< li > 参数2： （ ） < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "日期" > < a href = "#日期" class = "headerlink" title = "日期" > < / a > 日期< / h2 > < p > 语法：< code > date [-d] [+格式化字符串]< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > < p > -d 按照给定的字符串显示日期，一般用于日期计算< / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 格式化字符串：通过特定的字符串标记，来控制显示的日期格式< / p >
< ul >
< li > %Y 年%y 年份后两位数字 (00..99)< / li >
< li > %m 月份 (01..12)< / li >
< li > %d 日 (01..31)< / li >
< li > %H 小时 (00..23)< / li >
< li > %M 分钟 (00..59)< / li >
< li > %S 秒 (00..60)< / li >
< li > %s 自 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 到现在的秒数< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 示例：< / p >
< ul >
< li > < p > 按照2022-01-01的格式显示日期< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220514.png" alt = "image-20221027220514640" > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 按照2022-01-01 10:00:00的格式显示日期< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220525.png" alt = "image-20221027220525625" > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > -d选项日期计算< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220429.png" alt = "image-20221027220429831" > < / p >
< ul >
< li > < p > 支持的时间标记为：< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220449.png" alt = "image-20221027220449312" > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "时区" > < a href = "#时区" class = "headerlink" title = "时区" > < / a > 时区< / h2 > < p > 修改时区为中国时区< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027220554.png" alt = "image-20221027220554654" > < / p >
< h2 id = "ntp" > < a href = "#ntp" class = "headerlink" title = "ntp" > < / a > ntp< / h2 > < p > 功能：同步时间< / p >
< p > 安装：< code > yum install -y ntp< / code > < / p >
< p > 启动管理：< code > systemctl start | stop | restart | status | disable | enable ntpd< / code > < / p >
< p > 手动校准时间：< code > ntpdate -u ntp.aliyun.com< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "ip地址" > < a href = "#ip地址" class = "headerlink" title = "ip地址" > < / a > ip地址< / h2 > < p > 格式： < / p >
< ul >
< li > abcd为0~255的数字< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 特殊IP： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 127.0.0.1，表示本机< / li >
< li > 0.0.0.0< ul >
< li > 可以表示本机< / li >
< li > 也可以表示任意IP（ ） < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 查看ip： < code > ifconfig< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "主机名" > < a href = "#主机名" class = "headerlink" title = "主机名" > < / a > 主机名< / h2 > < p > 功能： < / p >
< p > 查看：< code > hostname< / code > < / p >
< p > 设置：< code > hostnamectl set-hostname 主机名< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "配置VMware固定IP" > < a href = "#配置VMware固定IP" class = "headerlink" title = "配置VMware固定IP" > < / a > 配置VMware固定IP< / h2 > < ol >
< li > < p > 修改VMware网络， ， < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 设置Linux内部固定IP< / p >
< p > 修改文件：< code > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33< / code > < / p >
< p > 示例文件内容：< / p >
< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > TYPE=" Ethernet" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > PROXY_METHOD=" none" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > BROWSER_ONLY=" no" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > BOOTPROTO=" static" # 改为static， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > DEFROUTE=" yes" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=" no" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV6INIT=" yes" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV6_AUTOCONF=" yes" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV6_DEFROUTE=" yes" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=" no" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=" stable-privacy" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > NAME=" ens33" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > UUID=" 1b0011cb-0d2e-4eaa-8a11-af7d50ebc876" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > DEVICE=" ens33" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ONBOOT=" yes" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > IPADDR=" 192.168.88.131" # IP地址， ， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > NETMASK=" 255.255.255.0" # 子网掩码， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > GATEWAY=" 192.168.88.2" # 网关， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > DNS1=" 192.168.88.2" # DNS1服务器， < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / li >
< / ol >
< h2 id = "ps命令" > < a href = "#ps命令" class = "headerlink" title = "ps命令" > < / a > ps命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看进程信息< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > ps -ef< / code > ， ， ： < code > ps -ef | grep xxx< / code > < / p >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925200901791.png" alt = "image-20230925200901791" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "kill命令" > < a href = "#kill命令" class = "headerlink" title = "kill命令" > < / a > kill命令< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221303.png" alt = "image-20221027221303037" > < / p >
< h2 id = "nmap命令" > < a href = "#nmap命令" class = "headerlink" title = "nmap命令" > < / a > nmap命令< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221241.png" alt = "image-20221027221241123" > < / p >
< h2 id = "netstat命令" > < a href = "#netstat命令" class = "headerlink" title = "netstat命令" > < / a > netstat命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看端口占用< / p >
< p > 用法：< code > netstat -anp | grep xxx< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "ping命令" > < a href = "#ping命令" class = "headerlink" title = "ping命令" > < / a > ping命令< / h2 > < p > 测试网络是否联通< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > ping [-c num] 参数< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221129.png" alt = "image-20221027221129782" > < / p >
< h2 id = "wget命令" > < a href = "#wget命令" class = "headerlink" title = "wget命令" > < / a > wget命令< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221149.png" alt = "image-20221027221148964" > < / p >
< h2 id = "curl命令" > < a href = "#curl命令" class = "headerlink" title = "curl命令" > < / a > curl命令< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221201.png" alt = "image-20221027221201079" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221210.png" alt = "image-20221027221210518" > < / p >
< h2 id = "top命令" > < a href = "#top命令" class = "headerlink" title = "top命令" > < / a > top命令< / h2 > < p > 功能：查看主机运行状态< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > top< / code > ，查看基础信息< / p >
< p > 可用选项：< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221340.png" alt = "image-20221027221340729" > < / p >
< p > 交互式模式中，可用快捷键：< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221354.png" alt = "image-20221027221354137" > < / p >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925203631826.png" alt = "image-20230925203631826" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925203743893.png" alt = "image-20230925203743893" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "df命令" > < a href = "#df命令" class = "headerlink" title = "df命令" > < / a > df命令< / h2 > < p > 查看磁盘占用< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221413.png" alt = "image-20221027221413787" > < / p >
< h2 id = "iostat命令" > < a href = "#iostat命令" class = "headerlink" title = "iostat命令" > < / a > iostat命令< / h2 > < p > 查看CPU、磁盘的相关信息< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221440.png" alt = "image-20221027221439990" > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221514.png" alt = "image-20221027221514237" > < / p >
< h2 id = "sar命令" > < a href = "#sar命令" class = "headerlink" title = "sar命令" > < / a > sar命令< / h2 > < p > 查看网络统计< / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221545.png" alt = "image-20221027221545822" > < / p >
< h2 id = "环境变量" > < a href = "#环境变量" class = "headerlink" title = "环境变量" > < / a > 环境变量< / h2 > < ul >
< li > 临时设置： = 变量值< / li >
< li > 永久设置：< ul >
< li > 针对用户， ： < code > .bashrc< / code > 文件< / li >
< li > 针对全局，设置 < code > /etc/profile< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "PATH变量" > < a href = "#PATH变量" class = "headerlink" title = "PATH变量" > < / a > PATH变量< / h3 > < p > 记录了执行程序的搜索路径< / p >
< p > 可以将自定义路径加入PATH内， < / p >
< h2 id = "符号" > < a href = "#符号" class = "headerlink" title = "$符号" > < / a > $符号< / h2 > < p > 可以取出指定的环境变量的值< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > $变量名< / code > < / p >
< p > 示例：< / p >
< p > < code > echo $PATH< / code > ， < / p >
< p > < code > echo ${ PATH} ABC< / code > ， < / p >
< p > 如果变量名和其它内容混淆在一起，可以使用${}< / p >
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< h2 id = "RZ， > < a href = "#RZ， class = "headerlink" title = "RZ， > < / a > RZ， < / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925215103228.png" alt = "image-20230925215103228" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "压缩解压" > < a href = "#压缩解压" class = "headerlink" title = "压缩解压" > < / a > 压缩解压< / h2 > < h3 id = "压缩" > < a href = "#压缩" class = "headerlink" title = "压缩" > < / a > 压缩< / h3 > < p > < code > tar -zcvf 压缩包 被压缩1...被压缩2...被压缩N< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > -z表示使用gzip， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < code > zip [-r] 参数1 参数2 参数N< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221906.png" alt = "image-20221027221906247" > < / p >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925215409296.png" alt = "image-20230925215409296" > < / p >
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< h3 id = "解压" > < a href = "#解压" class = "headerlink" title = "解压" > < / a > 解压< / h3 > < p > < code > tar -zxvf 被解压的文件 -C 要解压去的地方< / code > < / p >
< ul >
< li > -z表示使用gzip， < / li >
< li > -C， ， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < code > unzip [-d] 参数< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027221939.png" alt = "image-20221027221939899" > < / p >
< h2 id = "su命令" > < a href = "#su命令" class = "headerlink" title = "su命令" > < / a > su命令< / h2 > < p > 切换用户< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > su [-] [用户]< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222021.png" alt = "image-20221027222021619" > < / p >
< h2 id = "sudo命令" > < a href = "#sudo命令" class = "headerlink" title = "sudo命令" > < / a > sudo命令< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222035.png" alt = "image-20221027222035337" > < / p >
< p > 比如：< / p >
< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > itheima ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 在visudo内配置如上内容， ， < code > sudo< / code > < / p >
< h2 id = "chmod命令" > < a href = "#chmod命令" class = "headerlink" title = "chmod命令" > < / a > chmod命令< / h2 > < p > 修改文件、文件夹权限< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > chmod [-R] 权限 参数< / code > < / p >
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< p > 权限可以用3位数字来代表， ， ， ： ， ， ， ： < / p >
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< ul >
< li > < p > 权限， ， ， ： < code > rwxr-xr-x< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222157.png" alt = "image-20221027222157276" > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 参数，被修改的文件、文件夹< / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 选项-R， < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
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< p > < strong > 示例：< / strong > < / p >
< p > = rwx,g= rx,o= x hello.txt ， ： – < / p >
< p > ： ， ， < / p >
< p > = rwx,g= rx,o= x test， ： – < / p >
< p > 除此之外，还有快捷写法：< strong > chmod 751 hello.txt< / strong > ， ： – < / p >
< p > < strong > rwx的含义< / strong > < / p >
< p > • r表示读权限< / p >
< p > • w表示写权限< / p >
< p > • x表示执行权限< / p >
< p > < strong > 针对文件、文件夹的不同， < / strong > < / p >
< p > •r， < / p >
< p > •针对文件夹， ， < / p >
< p > •w， < / p >
< p > •针对文件夹，可以在文件夹内：创建、删除、改名等操作< / p >
< p > •x， < / p >
< p > •针对文件夹， ， < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925112857636.png" alt = "image-20230925112857636" > < / p >
< p > 举例： ， ： < / p >
< p > •这是一个文件夹， < / p >
< p > •所属用户(右上角图序号2)的权限是： ， < / p >
< p > •所属用户组(右上角图序号3)的权限是： ， （ < / p >
< p > •其它用户的权限是： ， < / p >
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< h2 id = "chown命令" > < a href = "#chown命令" class = "headerlink" title = "chown命令" > < / a > chown命令< / h2 > < p > 修改文件、文件夹所属用户、组< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > chown [-R] [用户][:][用户组] 文件或文件夹< / code > < / p >
< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222326.png" alt = "image-20221027222326192" > < / p >
< h2 id = "用户组管理" > < a href = "#用户组管理" class = "headerlink" title = "用户组管理" > < / a > 用户组管理< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222354.png" alt = "image-20221027222354498" > < / p >
< h2 id = "用户管理" > < a href = "#用户管理" class = "headerlink" title = "用户管理" > < / a > 用户管理< / h2 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222407.png" alt = "image-20221027222407618" > < / p >
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< h2 id = "genent命令" > < a href = "#genent命令" class = "headerlink" title = "genent命令" > < / a > genent命令< / h2 > < ul >
< li > < p > < code > getent group< / code > ，查看系统全部的用户组< / p >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222446.png" alt = "image-20221027222446514" > < / p >
< / li >
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< li > < p > < code > getent passwd< / code > ，查看系统全部的用户< / p >
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< p > < img src = "/pictures/20221027222512.png" alt = "image-20221027222512274" > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "env命令" > < a href = "#env命令" class = "headerlink" title = "env命令" > < / a > env命令< / h2 > < p > 查看系统全部的环境变量< / p >
< p > 语法：< code > env< / code > < / p >
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< h2 id = "开启指定端口的防火墙限制" > < a href = "#开启指定端口的防火墙限制" class = "headerlink" title = "开启指定端口的防火墙限制" > < / a > 开启指定端口的防火墙限制< / h2 > < figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta prompt_" > #< / span > < span class = "language-bash" > 永久性地在防火墙配置中打开TCP的9000端口< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta prompt_" > #< / span > < span class = "language-bash" > --permanent表示永久的< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=9000/tcp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta prompt_" > #< / span > < span class = "language-bash" > 刷新防火墙规则< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > sudo firewall-cmd --reload< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< h2 id = "实用的小技巧" > < a href = "#实用的小技巧" class = "headerlink" title = "实用的小技巧" > < / a > 实用的小技巧< / h2 > < h3 id = "history命令" > < a href = "#history命令" class = "headerlink" title = "history命令" > < / a > history命令< / h3 > < p > 用于查看历史输入的命令< / p >
< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > root@DESKTOP-PC4GEUR:/# history< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 1 cd /< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2 ls< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3 clear< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4 ls< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5 cd /< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 略略略< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 51 clear< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 52 hostory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 53 clear< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 54 history< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@DESKTOP-PC4GEUR:/#< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h3 id = "光标移动的快捷键" > < a href = "#光标移动的快捷键" class = "headerlink" title = "光标移动的快捷键" > < / a > 光标移动的快捷键< / h3 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925132050649.png" alt = "image-20230925132050649" > < / p >
< h3 id = "小技巧汇总" > < a href = "#小技巧汇总" class = "headerlink" title = "小技巧汇总" > < / a > 小技巧汇总< / h3 > < p > < img src = "/pictures/image-20230925133017257.png" alt = "image-20230925133017257" > < / p >
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< / article > < div class = "tag_share" > < div class = "post-meta__tag-list" > < a class = "post-meta__tags" href = "/tags/Linux/" > Linux< / a > < / div > < div class = "post_share" > < div class = "social-share" data-image = "/img/8.png" data-sites = "wechat,weibo,qq" > < / div > < link rel = "stylesheet" href = "/cdn/css/share.min.css" media = "print" onload = "this.media='all'" > < script src = "/cdn/js/social-share.min.js" defer > < / script > < / div > < / div > < div class = "post-reward" > < div class = "reward-button" > < i class = "fas fa-qrcode" > < / i > 打赏< / div > < div class = "reward-main" > < ul class = "reward-all" > < li class = "reward-item" > < a href = "/img/wechat.jpg" target = "_blank" > < img class = "post-qr-code-img" src = "/img/wechat.jpg" alt = "微信" / > < / a > < div class = "post-qr-code-desc" > 微信< / div > < / li > < li class = "reward-item" > < a href = "/img/alipay.jpg" target = "_blank" > < img class = "post-qr-code-img" src = "/img/alipay.jpg" alt = "支付宝" / > < / a > < div class = "post-qr-code-desc" > 支付宝< / div > < / li > < / ul > < / div > < / div > < br / > < div id = "post-comment" > < div class = "comment-head" > < div class = "comment-headline" > < i class = "far fa-comment-alt fa-fw" > < / i > < span > 评论< / span > < / div > < / div > < div class = "comment-wrap" > < div > < div id = "gitalk-container" > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "aside-content" id = "aside-content" > < div class = "card-widget card-info" > < div class = "is-center" > < div class = "avatar-img" > < img src = "/img/avatar.jpg" onerror = "this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/loading.gif'" alt = "avatar" / > < / div > < div class = "author-info__name" > Jason< / div > < div class = "author-info__description" > Debug the World！ < / div > < / div > < div class = "card-info-data site-data is-center" > < a href = "/archives/" > < div class = "headline" > 文章< / div > < div class = "length-num" > 60< / div > < / a > < a href = "/tags/" > < div class = "headline" > 标签< / div > < div class = "length-num" > 39< / div > < / a > < a href = "/categories/" > < div class = "headline" > 分类< / div > < div class = "length-num" > 10< / div > < / a > < / div > < a id = "card-info-btn" > < i class = "fab fa-microsoft" > < / i > < span > Ctrl + D 收藏< / span > < / a > < div class = "card-info-social-icons is-center" > < a class = "social-icon" href = "https://github.com/JasonsGong" target = "_blank" title = "Github" > < i class = "fab fa-github" > < / i > < / a > < a class = "social-icon" href = "tencent://AddContact/?fromId=45&fromSubId=1&subcmd=all&uin=2602183349&website=www.oicqzone.com" target = "_blank" title = "QQ" > < i class = "fab fa-qq" > < / i > < / a > < a class = "social-icon" href = "mailto:2602183349@qq.com" target = "_blank" title = "Email" > < i class = "fas fa-envelope-open-text" > < / i > < / a > < a class = "social-icon" href = "https://github.com/JasonsGong?tab=repositories" target = "_blank" title = "代码仓库" > < i class = "fas fa-database" > < / i > < / a > < / div > < / div > < div class = "card-widget card-announcement" > < div class = "item-headline" > < i class = "fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake" > < / i > < span > 公告< / span > < / div > < div class = "announcement_content" > 本网站是静态网站,更新页面资源请使用Ctrl+F5;若网站内文章对你有帮助,请使用Ctrl+D收藏该网站！ < / div > < / div > < div class = "sticky_layout" > < div class = "card-widget" id = "card-toc" > < div class = "item-headline" > < i class = "fas fa-stream" > < / i > < span > 目录< / span > < span class = "toc-percentage" > < / span > < / div > < div class = "toc-content is-expand" > < ol class = "toc" > < li class = "toc-item toc-level-1" > < a class = "toc-link" href = "#%E4%B8%80-%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86Linux" > < span class = "toc-text" > 一.初识Linux< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "toc-item toc-level-1" > < a class = "toc-link" href = "#%E4%BA%8C-Linux%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%92%8C%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B" > < span class = "toc-text" > 二.Linux的安装和配置教程< / span > < / a > < ol class = "toc-child" > < li class = "toc-item toc-level-2" > < a class = "toc-link" href = "#1-%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux" > < span class = "toc-text" > 1.通过虚拟机安装Linux< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "toc-item toc-level-2" > < a class = "toc-link" href = "#2-%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87WSL%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96Linux%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" > < span class = "toc-text" > 2.通过WSL获取Linux环境< / span > < / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "toc-item toc-level-1" > < a class = "toc-link" href = "#%E4%B8%89-Linux%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" > < span class = "toc-text" > 三.Linux的目录结构< / span > < /
2024-01-13 16:32:52 +08:00
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loadGitalk()
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}< / script > < / div > < script async data-pjax src = "//busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js" > < / script > < div id = "local-search" > < div class = "search-dialog" > < nav class = "search-nav" > < span class = "search-dialog-title" > 搜索< / span > < span id = "loading-status" > < / span > < button class = "search-close-button" > < i class = "fas fa-times" > < / i > < / button > < / nav > < div class = "is-center" id = "loading-database" > < i class = "fas fa-spinner fa-pulse" > < / i > < span > 数据库加载中< / span > < / div > < div class = "search-wrap" > < div id = "local-search-input" > < div class = "local-search-box" > < input class = "local-search-box--input" placeholder = "搜索文章" type = "text" / > < / div > < / div > < br / > < div class = "no-result" id = "local-search-results" > < / div > < div id = "local-search-stats-wrap" > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div id = "search-mask" > < / div > < script src = "/js/search/local-search.js" > < / script > < / div > < / div > <!-- hexo injector body_end start --> < script data-pjax >
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function butterfly_swiper_injector_config(){
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var parent_div_git = document.getElementById('recent-posts');
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var item_html = '< div class = "recent-post-item" style = "height: auto;width: 100%" > < div class = "blog-slider swiper-container-fade swiper-container-horizontal" id = "swiper_container" > < div class = "blog-slider__wrp swiper-wrapper" style = "transition-duration: 0ms;" > < div class = "blog-slider__item swiper-slide" style = "width: 750px; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0ms;" > < a class = "blog-slider__img" href = "posts/19306.html" alt = "" > < img width = "48" height = "48" src = "/img/1.png" alt = "" onerror = "this.src=https://unpkg.zhimg.com/akilar-candyassets/image/loading.gif; this.onerror = null;" / > < / a > < div class = "blog-slider__content" > < span class = "blog-slider__code" > 2023-04-21< / span > < a class = "blog-slider__title" href = "posts/19306.html" alt = "" > Docker容器化技术< / a > < div class = "blog-slider__text" > Docker< / div > < a class = "blog-slider__button" href = "posts/19306.html" alt = "" > 详情 < / a > < / div > < / div > < div class = "blog-slider__item swiper-slide" style = "width: 750px; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0ms;" > < a class = "blog-slider__img" href = "posts/47003.html" alt = "" > < img width = "48" height = "48" src = "/img/5.png" alt = "" onerror = "this.src=https://unpkg.zhimg.com/akilar-candyassets/image/loading.gif; this.onerror = null;" / > < / a > < div class = "blog-slider__content" > < span class = "blog-slider__code" > 2023-03-10< / span > < a class = "blog-slider__title" href = "posts/47003.html" alt = "" > 常用正则表达式大全< / a > < div class = "blog-slider__text" > 正则表达式< / div > < a class = "blog-slider__button" href = "posts/47003.html" alt = "" > 详情 < / a > < / div > < / div > < div class = "blog-slider__item swiper-slide" style = "width: 750px; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0ms;" > < a class = "blog-slider__img" href = "posts/20683.html" alt = "" > < img width = "48" height = "48" src = "/img/8.png" alt = "" onerror = "this.src=https://unpkg.zhimg.com/akilar-candyassets/image/loading.gif; this.onerror = null;" / > < / a > < div class = "blog-slider__content" > < span class = "blog-slider__code" > 2023-06-05< / span > < a class = "blog-slider__title" href = "posts/20683.html" alt = "" > Linux中开发环境的搭建< / a > < div class = "blog-slider__text" > 环境搭建< / div > < a class = "blog-slider__button" href = "posts/20683.html" alt = "" > 详情 < / a > < / div > < / div > < div class = "blog-slider__item swiper-slide" style = "width: 750px; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0ms;" > < a class = "blog-slider__img" href = "posts/63333.html" alt = "" > < img width = "48" height = "48" src = "/img/10.png" alt = "" onerror = "this.src=https://unpkg.zhimg.com/akilar-candyassets/image/loading.gif; this.onerror = null;" / > < / a > < div class = "blog-slider__content" > < span class = "blog-slider__code" > 2023-06-03< / span > < a class = "blog-slider__title" href = "posts/63333.html" alt = "" > 开发环境的搭建< / a > < div class = "blog-slider__text" > 环境搭建< / div > < a class = "blog-slider__button" href = "posts/63333.html" alt = "" > 详情 < / a > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "blog-slider__pagination swiper-pagination-clickable swiper-pagination-bullets" > < / div > < / div > < / div > ';
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if (parent_div_git !== null & & typeof parent_div_git !== 'undefined') {
parent_div_git.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin",item_html)
}
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}
var elist = 'undefined'.split(',');
var cpage = location.pathname;
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var epage = 'all';
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var flag = 0;
for (var i=0;i< elist.length ; i + + ) {
if (cpage.includes(elist[i])){
flag++;
}
}
if ((epage ==='all')& & (flag == 0)){
butterfly_swiper_injector_config();
}
else if (epage === cpage){
butterfly_swiper_injector_config();
}
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< / script > < script defer src = "https://npm.elemecdn.com/hexo-butterfly-swiper/lib/swiper.min.js" > < / script > < script defer data-pjax src = "https://npm.elemecdn.com/hexo-butterfly-swiper/lib/swiper_init.js" > < / script > <!-- hexo injector body_end end --> < / body > < / html >
