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<p> JWT的原理 </p>
<p> 一个JWT由三个部分组成公共部分、私有部分、签名部分。最后由这三者组合进行base64编码得到JWT。</p>
<p><img src="/pictures/image-20230420102523288.png" alt="image-20230420102523288"></p>
<p><img src="/pictures/image-20230420103234232.png" alt="image-20230420103234232"></p>
<p>1、 公共部分</p>
<p> 主要是该JWT的相关配置参数比如签名的加密算法、格式类型、过期时间等等。</p>
<p> Key&#x3D;ATGUIGU</p>
<p>2、 私有部分</p>
<p> 用户自定义的内容,根据实际需要真正要封装的信息。</p>
<p> userInfo{用户的Id用户的昵称nickName}</p>
<p>3、 签名部分</p>
<p> SaltiP: 当前服务器的Ip地址!{linux 中配置代理服务器的ip}</p>
<p> 主要用户对JWT生成字符串的时候进行加密{盐值}</p>
<p>最终组成 key+salt+userInfo -&gt; token!</p>
<p>base64编码并不是加密只是把明文信息变成了不可见的字符串。但是其实只要用一些工具就可以把base64编码解成明文所以不要在JWT中放入涉及私密的信息。</p>
<h2 id="2-使用"><a href="#2-使用" class="headerlink" title="2.使用"></a>2.使用</h2><h3 id="1-导入依赖"><a href="#1-导入依赖" class="headerlink" title="1.导入依赖"></a>1.导入依赖</h3><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>io.jsonwebtoken<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>jjwt<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>0.7.0<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-引入工具类"><a href="#2-引入工具类" class="headerlink" title="2.引入工具类"></a>2.引入工具类</h3><p>以下工具类根据情况任选一种即可</p>
<p>一种是在请求头中获取token,然后再获取用户的信息,另一种直接传入token然后获取用户信息</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.atguigu.yygh.common.helper;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> io.jsonwebtoken.*;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.util.StringUtils;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Date;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> GongChangjiang</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@version</span> 1.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@Date</span> 2023/4/20</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@Description</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">JwtHelper</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">tokenExpiration</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">24</span>*<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">1000</span>; <span class="comment">//token的过期时间</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">tokenSignKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;123456&quot;</span>; <span class="comment">//token 签名的密钥</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 根据参数生成token</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> userId 用户的id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> userName 用户名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@return</span> token字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title function_">createToken</span><span class="params">(Long userId, String userName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">token</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Jwts.builder()</span><br><span class="line"> .setSubject(<span class="string">&quot;YYGH-USER&quot;</span>) <span class="comment">//分类,自定义</span></span><br><span class="line"> .setExpiration(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Date</span>(System.currentTimeMillis() + tokenExpiration))<span class="comment">//设置过期时间</span></span><br><span class="line"> .claim(<span class="string">&quot;userId&quot;</span>, userId)<span class="comment">//设置主体信息</span></span><br><span class="line"> .claim(<span class="string">&quot;userName&quot;</span>, userName)</span><br><span class="line"> .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, tokenSignKey)<span class="comment">//签名hash</span></span><br><span class="line"> .compressWith(CompressionCodecs.GZIP)</span><br><span class="line"> .compact();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> token;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 根据token字符串得到用户的id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Long <span class="title function_">getUserId</span><span class="params">(String token)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Jws&lt;Claims&gt; claimsJws = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(tokenSignKey).parseClaimsJws(token);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Claims</span> <span class="variable">claims</span> <span class="operator">=</span> claimsJws.getBody();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Integer</span> <span class="variable">userId</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (Integer)claims.get(<span class="string">&quot;userId&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> userId.longValue();</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 根据token字符串得到用户名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title function_">getUserName</span><span class="params">(String token)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Jws&lt;Claims&gt; claimsJws</span><br><span class="line"> = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(tokenSignKey).parseClaimsJws(token);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Claims</span> <span class="variable">claims</span> <span class="operator">=</span> claimsJws.getBody();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> (String)claims.get(<span class="string">&quot;userName&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.atguigu.commonutils;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> io.jsonwebtoken.Jws;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.springframework.util.StringUtils;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Date;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> helen</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@since</span> 2019/10/16</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">JwtUtils</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 设置token的过期时间</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">EXPIRE</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1000</span> * <span class="number">60</span> * <span class="number">60</span> * <span class="number">24</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 密钥</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">APP_SECRET</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;ukc8BDbRigUDaY6pZFfWus2jZWLPHO&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 生成token字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title function_">getJwtToken</span><span class="params">(String id, String nickname)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">JwtToken</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Jwts.builder()</span><br><span class="line"> .setHeaderParam(<span class="string">&quot;typ&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;JWT&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> .setHeaderParam(<span class="string">&quot;alg&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;HS256&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> .setSubject(<span class="string">&quot;guli-user&quot;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> .setIssuedAt(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Date</span>())</span><br><span class="line"> .setExpiration(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Date</span>(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE))</span><br><span class="line"> .claim(<span class="string">&quot;id&quot;</span>, id)</span><br><span class="line"> .claim(<span class="string">&quot;nickname&quot;</span>, nickname)</span><br><span class="line"> .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, APP_SECRET)</span><br><span class="line"> .compact();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> JwtToken;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 判断token是否存在与有效</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">checkToken</span><span class="params">(String jwtToken)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 判断token是否存在与有效</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">checkToken</span><span class="params">(HttpServletRequest request)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">jwtToken</span> <span class="operator">=</span> request.getHeader(<span class="string">&quot;token&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 根据token获取会员id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title function_">getMemberIdByJwtToken</span><span class="params">(HttpServletRequest request)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">jwtToken</span> <span class="operator">=</span> request.getHeader(<span class="string">&quot;token&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(StringUtils.isEmpty(jwtToken)) <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Jws&lt;Claims&gt; claimsJws = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(APP_SECRET).parseClaimsJws(jwtToken);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Claims</span> <span class="variable">claims</span> <span class="operator">=</span> claimsJws.getBody();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> (String)claims.get(<span class="string">&quot;id&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-在登录中使用Jwt工具"><a href="#3-在登录中使用Jwt工具" class="headerlink" title="3.在登录中使用Jwt工具"></a>3.在登录中使用Jwt工具</h3><p>1.登录成功之后返回token字符串</p>
<p><img src="/pictures/image-20230420110340570.png" alt="image-20230420110340570"></p>
<p>2.前端处理的思路</p>
<p>获取token字符串 <strong>-&gt;</strong> 将token字符串和用户信息存放在cokkie中 <strong>-&gt;</strong> 页面在cokkie中获取用户信息显示在页面上</p>
<p>前端登录与否的校验、后端网关登录与否的校验…….</p>
<p>之后补充完整的代码示例 这里没有遇到好的登录示例 ……….</p>
</article><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Java/">Java</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" data-image="/img/7.png" data-sites="wechat,weibo,qq"></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="/cdn/css/share.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><script src="/cdn/js/social-share.min.js" defer></script></div></div><div class="post-reward"><div class="reward-button"><i class="fas fa-qrcode"></i> 打赏</div><div class="reward-main"><ul class="reward-all"><li class="reward-item"><a href="/img/wechat.jpg" target="_blank"><img class="post-qr-code-img" src="/img/wechat.jpg" alt="微信"/></a><div class="post-qr-code-desc">微信</div></li><li class="reward-item"><a href="/img/alipay.jpg" target="_blank"><img class="post-qr-code-img" src="/img/alipay.jpg" alt="支付宝"/></a><div class="post-qr-code-desc">支付宝</div></li></ul></div></div><br/><div id="post-comment"><div class="comment-head"><div class="comment-headline"><i class="far fa-comment-alt fa-fw"></i><span> 评论</span></div></div><div class="comment-wrap"><div><div id="gitalk-container"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="/img/avatar.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/loading.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">Jason</div><div class="author-info__description">Debug the World</div></div><div class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">60</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">39</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">10</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn"><i class="fab fa-microsoft"></i><span>Ctrl + D 收藏</span></a><div class="card-info-social-icons is-center"><a class="social-icon" href="https://github.com/JasonsGong" 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